M E M O R A N D U M
TO: Jackson Maynard, Esq.,
FROM: Charles Preston
DATE: 10APR06
RE: Position Paper
The War on Terror has been the hot topic of debate since President George W. Bush made the decision to invade Iraq. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks at the Pentagon and World Trade Center the American people were ready and backed Bush to make a declaration of war but a formal declaration was never made. However, on September 18, 2001 congress enacted the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists which authorized President Bush "to use all necessary force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons (Grimmett Pg. 1)."
An invasion of Afghanistan to attack and eliminate the Al-Qaeda Terror Network was the start of the war campaign, but, it wasn’t until March 20, 2003 when the United States began its invasion in Iraq, the public support of the War on Terror started to head south. While many allies became adversaries I however, continued to support the war effort because it is consistent with U.S. policy to promote democracy, although its form has not taken on the traditional sense of warfare.
TO: Jackson Maynard, Esq.,
FROM: Charles Preston
DATE: 10APR06
RE: Position Paper
The War on Terror has been the hot topic of debate since President George W. Bush made the decision to invade Iraq. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks at the Pentagon and World Trade Center the American people were ready and backed Bush to make a declaration of war but a formal declaration was never made. However, on September 18, 2001 congress enacted the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists which authorized President Bush "to use all necessary force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons (Grimmett Pg. 1)."
An invasion of Afghanistan to attack and eliminate the Al-Qaeda Terror Network was the start of the war campaign, but, it wasn’t until March 20, 2003 when the United States began its invasion in Iraq, the public support of the War on Terror started to head south. While many allies became adversaries I however, continued to support the war effort because it is consistent with U.S. policy to promote democracy, although its form has not taken on the traditional sense of warfare.
What makes this war nontraditional is the fact that there are no distinct boundaries or guidelines as to what constitutes terror. The definition of terror is open to interpretation. Furthermore, the insurgents are difficult to detect because they wear no combat uniforms and they mingle and blend in with the civilian population. However, the insurgency is very adaptive and effective with their modes of attack. They use weapons such as rocket propelled grenades, suicide bombers, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), vehicle born explosive devices (VBEDs), mortars and rockets. Of these devises the IED has become the most effective and difficult to weapon to overcome.
Unconventional warfare started after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s army during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which occurred April 9, 2003. This is also when the public approval rating for the war on terror continued to decline because U.S. soldiers encountered a whole new realm of warfare and an increase in casualties. The terrorist or insurgency started using deceptive tactics. For example, they would display the universal signs of surrender, waving a white flag or the raising of both hands, and once U.S. troops or coalition forces let their guards down accepting their call of surrender, they would then open fire on the unsuspecting troops. Another example of unconventional warfare involves Iraqi civilian women. Unless they pose a mortal threat, U.S. soldiers consider them non-combatants. However, these women took advantage of the element of surprise, and used themselves suicide bombers to kill and maim U.S. soldiers and coalition forces.
Some Americans go as far as to compare Operation Iraqi Freedom with the Vietnam War and are demanding the withdrawal of American troops. Comparing the guerilla forces in Iraq to the Viet Cong forces in Vietnam, both are mostly foreign fighters opposed to the establishment of democracy and view the United States as a country that is exploiting other countries for economic gain. There are some comparisons but opponents of the war are most likely to point out only the negative aspects of Iraq and Vietnam.
It is selfish for the American people to demand an immediate withdrawal from Iraq. This position, if America continues to hold to it, undermines the progress that has been accomplished thus far and if President Bush were to immediately execute an exit strategy, the United States would fail once again in keeping its promise to finish what it had started. Due to the weak infrastructure Iraq would be overrun by insurgents, become a training ground for terrorists and give rise to a new totalitarian regime. The results in Iraq would turn out just like Vietnam. The Vietnam War was based on a policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism. South Vietnam was a democratic state that was being threatened by force to conform to communism against their will; once the United States pulled out; South Vietnam was taken over by the North Vietnamese and fell to communism.
To illustrate my next position on America’s involvement in the war against terror, I’ll refer to President Bush’s 2006 National Security Strategy speech: “We are a nation at war. We have made progress in the war against terror, but we are in a long struggle. America is safer, but not yet safe. In the short run, the fight involves using military force… to kill or capture the terrorists, deny them safe haven or control of any nation, prevent them from gaining access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and cut off their sources of support” (Bush Par. 17). The last portion of this part of his speech outlines the strategic importance of the United States involvement in the war on terror.
First, to take an active role to deny terrorist any safe haven or control of any nation takes their feet out from under them. It makes it difficult for them to assemble, train, and exploit the resources of that nation. Assembly and training are the first steps and key ingredients for executing a prearranged attack. If the United States can make the process of assembly and training difficult, it will not eliminate terror but it will create a barrier of protection for the United States. Deciding to take on the U.S. in an attempt to destroy democracy and spread terror, is no small task but if the U.S. were to stand idle and wait for an attack it could be quite crippling. Just as the World Trade Center attacks demonstrated.
Technology has enabled terrorism to expand beyond borders and take on many obscure forms. Terror organizations are working feverishly to develop the ability to use weapons with nuclear capability. Nuclear weapons contrary to traditional thinking are not the only form of weapons of mass destruction. During the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, who pleaded guilty to his involvement in the attacks of September 11, 2001, the judge considered the commercial airliners that flew into the World Trade Center were weapons of mass destruction. While nuclear capabilities are the goal of some, if not all, organized terrorist organizations, biological and chemical weapons coupled with explosives would constitute a weapon of mass destruction as well.
If these organizations do not encounter any opposition while putting forth such a diligent effort to obtain weapons of mass destruction, one can only assume that eventually the terror organizations will succeed. President Bush has taken initiative to set the example and take the lead in becoming that oppositional force to obliterate the efforts of diligent terror organizations.
A main source of funding for terrorist groups comes from radical Islamic countries like Iran and Afghanistan. President Bush outlined an integral part of the War on Terror during his National Security Strategy speech. Emphasizing without funding, it is difficult for terror organizations to exist. I believe that a united multi-national shared effort to enforce a zero tolerance policy that would demand some type of action against those who lend support or funding to terrorist organizations would speak volumes. It would illustrate to supporters, that the world, not just the United States is opposed to the establishment of terrorist societies and there would be dire consequences to aid such establishments.
Enforcement of such policies, although a big step, unfortunately would only detour part of the problem. Terrorist possess a great deal of creativity and should be given credit for it. To counterbalance their creativity the responsibility once again would fall back onto the nations to get creative also. The nations would need to adopt strict guidelines for banks, credit unions, or any type of institution providing monetary services. President Bush has yet again taken the lead by implementing the Patriot Act, although I do not agree with all of its provisions, it requires financial institutions to adhere to strict guidelines for identifying customers. Stiff fines and penalties are incurred if financial institutions fail to comply.
The war on terror must continue. It is going to require Americans to think outside the box and step past their comfort zones. The United States has entered into the war for the long haul. War is not pretty, it’s not glorious, but it’s necessary. War is not a necessary evil, but a necessary good, when fought for a just cause. Those who want to destroy the United States are strategically planning and are patiently waiting for the opportunity to strike. September 11th is a grim reminder of their due diligence. Americans along with other nations can decide to get proactive or they can remain idle and wait for the next terror attack to fall into their laps.